研究プロジェクト

Research purpose:

Diverse ecosystem services should be managed as commons by collaboration of various stakeholders with different values and interests. Through the accumulation and meta-analysis of diverse case studies from all over the world, we examine mechanisms to facilitate production and utilization of the integrated knowledge base for the stakeholder driven creation and sustainable management of such commons. The project aims to clarify the process and mechanisms for local stakeholders to effectively integrate and utilize scientific as well as various types of local knowledge to achieve adaptive governance of local communities. Roles and functions of diverse multi-scale translators mediating knowledge flow across different scale levels from global to local are analyzed in detail to elucidate multi-scale mechanisms to solve global environmental problems. These results will contribute to formation of science for society to produce knowledge bases to be utilized by stakeholders (knowledge users), and social systems for effective use of science to solve global environmental problems.

Background of research:

Bottom-up approaches driven by divers stakeholders of local communities are essential to solve diverse global environment problems including worldwide degradation of ecosystem services which comes up to the surface on the basis of locally specific problem structures. Scientific as well as various types of local knowledge systems are required for the stakeholders to effectively manage ecosystem services. Studies have been accumulated to describe characteristics and structures of these knowledge bases, but design-oriented analyses of production and circulation mechanisms of knowledge to contribute to adaptive governance of ecosystem services have not been conducted in detail. This research focuses on the roles and functions of residential researchers and bilateral knowledge translators as important actors to provide knowledge basis for decision makings and actions by local stakeholders, and production and circulation of the Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge (ILEK), a transdisciplinary blend of science and various types of local knowledge, to understand mechanisms to facilitate collaboration of diverse actors to achieve adaptive governance of local communities to design sustainable future.

Contribution to solutions of globalenvironmental problems:

This research contributes to bottom-up solutions of diverse global environmental problems by clarifying adaptive governance systems of ecosystem services supported by production and circulation of the Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge (ILEK). It aims to clarify theory and approaches of solutions of global environmental problems from the viewpoints of knowledge users (stakeholders) to establish adaptive governance systems of diverse ecosystem services by effectively integrating scientific knowledge and various types of local knowledge deeply embedded in everyday life.

Research plan:

The research plan of this project was originally designed assuming one year pre-research (PR) period with the following research topics. (1) Detailed analysis of case study sites selected in the FS stage from the viewpoints of knowledge users to establish candidates of social experiment sites. (2) Accumulate examples of multi-scale knowledge translators and establish analytical frameworks. (3) Establish interactive approaches between empirical case studies and theoretical analysis. We also made a research plan for the full-research first year (FR1) as follows. (1) Promote understanding of roles and functions of ILEK productions and circulations in the adaptive governance processes of local commons through emergence and dynamic changes of the roles of knowledge producers in the local communities. (2) Determine social experiment sites to start logistical setup and consensus building among stakeholders. (3) Start up multi-scale analysis. As the FR1 has been launched immediately without PR phase, we tried to incorporate all these research topics in this FR1.

Research methods:

This project effectively inherits research outcomes of cognitive sciences from previous RIHN projects and integrates them with various cases of solution-oriented design science approaches from the world involving collaborative interactions between scientists and stakeholders to produce and utilize ILEK for creation and sustainable management of local commons. With this unique approach, the project aims to elucidate pathways to promote science for society as well as to design social systems to digest and effectively utilize scientific knowledge. The Integrated Local Environmental Knowledge (ILEK) has been formed in the process of bringing solutions to local environmental problems in various local communities in the world integrating local wisdoms to manage and utilize ecosystem services in everyday life and scientific knowledge providing cause effect relationships and predictability Residential researchers conducting scientific research as members of local communities and bilateral knowledge translators promoting knowledge circulation and utilization across the border between scientists and stakeholders play important roles in these processes. The project analyzes scientific processes and outcomes of various cases of solution-oriented knowledge productions by residential and other types of researches including RIHN projects from the viewpoints of knowledge users, based on the hypothesis that the multiple roles and functions of these important actors to produce and circulate ILEK support the adaptive governance of local communities for sustainable futures. We have established the preliminary conceptual models of ILEK-based adaptive governance based on the framing of local stakeholders and potential responses of stakeholder networks. We aim to elaborate these theoretical frames from meta-analysis of case studies and modeling to produce verifiable hypothesis for designing social experiments. We also conduct analysis of roles and functions of bilateral knowledge translators in the contexts of multi-scale collaboration mediated by knowledge flow across multiple scale levels from local to global. With the approaches integrating empirical studies, social experiments and theoretical analysis, the project aims to elucidate the way forwards toward solution of global environmental problems.

Research organizations:

In the year 2012, we made particular emphasis on establishment of research group structures and methodologies through the screening and reorganization of case study sites, accumulation of diverse cases of multi-scale translators, and design of task forces (TFs) crosscutting research groups with particular concepts and issues. This project is characterized by participation of researchers, either residential or visiting, deeply committed to local communities of the case study sites to examine dynamism of adaptive governance caused by intense interactions among stakeholders including transformation of researchers themselves. Therefore, we spent much effort to identify cases allowing such approaches with dedicated researchers for the analysis of local communities and multi-scale translators. As the results, we have been establishing sufficient quantity and quality of case study sites and case examples of multi-scale translators. We also designed taskforces (TFs) focusing key concepts and issues in order to facilitate collaborations toward project ideas and goals among diverse researchers based on the common research interests. At the end of the fiscal year 2012, we established an effective set of TFs including Residential Research TF and Sato-umi /Fisheries Resource Management TF crosscutting case studies and multi-scale analysis, Environmental Governance TF connecting empirical studies and theoretical analysis, and Ethical Aspect of Design Oriented Science TF dealing science and society interfaces. On the other hands, we encountered difficulties in recruiting new post-doctoral project researchers in the middle of the academic year, resulted in delays in establishments of research integration systems and database / websites for effective information sharing.

Research outcomes of the year 2012:

The project made a significant progress inthe blushing up of approaches to integrate results of diverse case studiesthrough meta-analysis. We had opportunities to share and discuss basicapproaches of integration in the pre-full project meeting with Japanese projectmembers in May and the first full-project meeting with international members inJuly. We convened the kickoff symposium of the project titled “Community-basedKnowledge Production, Activities and Adaptive Governance” in September tointroduce project ideas and approaches to the public. Each research groupconvened one or two research meetings focusing research protocols andmeta-analysis approaches, and the outcomes were shared with the entire project community.Based on the analysis and discussions regarding diverse local communities wherethe project members were deeply involved, a total of 61 case study sites wereidentified to conduct meta-analysis and to design social experiments which is scheduledto launch in FR3. Case examples of multi-scale translators promotingcross-scale knowledge circulations has been accumulated, with significant newadditions of the Ramsar Convention, Globally Important Agricultural HeritageSystems (GIAHS) of FAO, and Barefoot Ecologist Systems in the coastal fisheriesmanagements. Multiple thematic task forces (TFs) have been established tocrosscut existing research groups, strengthening support for informationgathering and analysis. These TFs includes Ethical Aspects of Design-orientedScience TF corresponding to requirements of in depth ethical analysis relatedto intensive science-society interactions, Residential Research TF focusing onthe key concept of the project, Sato-umi / Fisheries Resource Management TFdedicated to community-based natural resource management, and EnvironmentalGovernance TF conducting theoretical analysis of adaptive governance processeson the basis of case studies in the real world. Preliminary results of casestudy groups and TFs were presented in the special sessions organized byproject members at the Japanese Society for Science and Technology Studies(November at Hayama, Residential Research TF), Wildlife Conservation SocietyJapan (November at Utsunomiya, wildlife management), and Pacific Congress ofMarine Science and Technology (December at Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, Sato-umi TF).

Development of meta-analysis methodologies and analytical frameworks have been progressing to integrate diverse case studies and multi-scale analysis to elucidate adaptive governance mechanisms, based on the results of interviews to RIHN project leaders at the FS stage and the Guideline on Collaboration between Local Communities and Scientists published by the Local Science Network for Environment and Sustainability (LSNES) established by the previous JST-RISTEX project. Adaptive governance mechanisms driven by ILEK production and circulation (including multi-scale interactions) have been categorized into two processes: i.e. Knowledge production and circulation bring about societal changes (1) via transformation of decision and actions of individuals or small groups of people, or (2) directly affect social systems including formal and informal institutions. Adaptive governance systems were hypothesized as a mutually interactive triangle with apexes of knowledge production, decision making / action, and adaptive societal change. Preliminary criteria of adaptive governance processes were proposed based on this conceptual model from the interview records at the FS stage and brainstorming with the project members. Discussions have been in progress with theory group members to blush up these criteria to be applied in mathematical modeling. Various approaches of theoretical modeling have been listed as candidates to describe adaptive governance systems, including theories associated with knowledge structures and cognitive dynamics (scenario analysis, participatory visioning, learning machine model, semantic network), dynamic networks of local communities (network theories, community ecology models) and theories to connect individual behavioral changes to societal dynamism (self-organization, dynamic game theories, evolutionary theories). The network of researchers in the project has been well established to bridge the gap between the real world of local communities and abstract theoretical analysis, activating dynamic interactions between theory and empirical sciences.

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SATO, Tetsu

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Professor,Local Science for Environment and Sustainability　Team leader of Developing country team：Case study group )

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ISHIHARA, Hiroe

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Project Researchers,Environmental Sociology )

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KIKUCHI, Naoki

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Associate professor,Residential Research, Team leader of East Asia team of Case study group, and Residential Research TF )

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KAKUMA, Shinichirou

( Extention Office for Fishery, Okinawa Prefectural Government,Chief Officer,Fisheries Resource Management, Team leader of Bottom up team of Multi-scale analysis group and Sato-umi TF )

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SAKAI, Akiko

( Graduate School of Environment and Information Science, Yokohama National University Vice-chairperson and in charge of administration office, Japanese Coordinating Committee for MAB,Associate professor,Protected Area Management,　Team leader of Top down team of Multi-scale analysis group )

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SHIMIZU, Mayuko

( Faculty of Policy Science Ryukoku University,Lecturer,Environmental Sociology )

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TAKEMURA, Shion

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Project Researchers,Landscape Ecology )

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TOKITA, Kei

( Graduate School of Information Science Nagoya University,Professor,Statistical Physics, Team leader of Theory and modeling group )

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NAKAGAWA, Chigusa

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Project Researchers,Environmental Sociology )

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MATSUDA, Hiroyuki

( Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,Professor,Resource Management, Team leader of Europe/North America team of Case study group )

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MIYAUCHI, Tsisuke

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters,Professor,Environmental Sociology,　Team leader of Environmental governance TF )

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YANAKA, Shigeru

( Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University,Associate professor,Rural Sociology )

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YAMAKOSHI, Gen

( Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University,Associate professor,African Studies )

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YUMOTO, Takakazu

( Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University,Professor,Ecology )

ALEXANDRIDIS, Konstantinos

( Univ. of the Virgin Islands （US Virgin Islands),Associate professor,Network Theory )

ARICO, Salvatore

( UNESCO Biodiversity Initiative (France),Director,Biodiversity Policy )

CHABAY, Ilan

( Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam (Germany),Professor,Sustainability Science )

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CROSBY, Michael P

( Mote Marine Laboratory (USA),President,Coastal Management )

GUTSCHER, Heinz

( University of Zurich (Switzerland),Professor,Social Psychology )

THAMAN, Randolph

( The University of the South Pacific (Fiji),Professor,Coastal Management )

AKAISHI, Daisuke

( Suzu City Hall,Research Fellow for Society Co-existing with Nature,Satoyama Management )

IGARASHI, Tsubasa

( Social Innovation Course, Doshisha University Graduate School of Policy and Management,Masters Course Student,Satoyama Management )

KIMURA, Motoko

( One of Tsushima Rangers in charge of conservation of biological diversity,Research fellow,Residential Research )

KORIYAMA, Shiho

( Graduate School of Letters, Kobe Women's University,Research Worker,Modern Japanese History )

TAKAHASHI, Toshimori

( Satoyama Science Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University,Special-appointed Associate Professor,Satoyama Management )

TERABAYASHI, Akira

( Norinchukin Research Institute,Research fellow,Environmental Sociology )

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NIITSUMA, Hiroaki

( Council of Energy In My Yard, Japan(EIMY), Tohoku University,Director,Renewable Energy )

HATTORI, Shiho

( Faculty of International Studies, Tenri University,Lecturer,Cultural Anthropology )

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HOSHI（TOMITA）,Sho

( Council of Energy in My Yard, Japan(EIMY) , EIMY Yumoto Regional Conference,Senior Researcher,Residential Research )

MASUDA, Yasushi

( Shiretoko Nature Foundation,Director general,Residential Research )

MITSUHASHI, Hiromune

( Institute of Natural and Environmental Science, University of Hyogo, Lecturer for the Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo,Lecturer,Residential Research )

ONISHI, Hideyuki 　

( Department of Social System Studies, Faculty of Contemporary Social Studies, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts,Associate professor,Cultural Anthropology )

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KUME, Takashi

( Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University,Associate professor,Soil Hydrology )

SAKURAI, Ryo

( Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,Research fellow,Wildlife Management )

TSUCHIYA, Toshiyuki

( Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,Professor,Nature Reserve Management )

FUKUNAGA, Mayumi

( Research Organization for the21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University,Associate professor,Environmental Ethics )

BOZAKLI, Hikmet

( Agricultural Chamber of Karapinar (Turkey),President,Agricultural Ecosystem )

MACHO, Gonzalo

( University of Vigo (Spain),Research Fellow,Fisheries Resource Management )

RAGSTER, LaVerne E.

( Univ. of the Virgin Islands （US Virgin Islands),Professor emeritus,Coastal Management )

WEBB, William Alexander

( Univ. of the Virgin Islands （US Virgin Islands),Ddoctoral course,Network Theory )

ONUMA, Ayumi

( Faculty of Economics, Keio University,Professor,Environmental Economics )

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KAMIMURA, Masahito

( Director of Committee for the Conservation of Shiraho Sea, WWF Coral Reef Conservation Research Center,Director,Nature Conservation Theory )

KOBAYASHI, Takahiro

( School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University,Lecturer,Environmental Sociology )

SATO, Takanori

( Palau International Coral Reef Center,Research Fellow,Coastal Management )

SHIMAGAMI, Motoko

( i-i-network, Research & Action for Community Governance,Vice Representative,Commons Theory )

TORII, Takashi

( Kagoshima University, Faculty of Fisheries,Associate professor,Fisheries Economics )

NISHINO, Hikaru

( Eelgrass Support (Amamo Supporters),Representative,Coastal Management )

NISHIMURA, Satoru

( Kagoshima University, Faculty of Law, Economics and Humanities,Professor,Agricultural Economics )

HOSOKAI, Mizuki

( One of Tsushima Rangers in charge of conservation of biological diversity,Research fellow,Resource management )

BRIGHOUSE, Genevieve

( National Marine Sanctuary (American Samoa),Director,Nature Reserve Management )

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CASTILLA, Juan Carlos

( Pontificia Universidad Cat?lica de Chile (Chile),Professor,Fisheries Management )

KITOLELEI, Jokim

( Kagoshima University, Faculty of Fisheries,Ddoctoral course,Coastal Management )

LE TOURNEAU, Francois-Michel

( Universite de Sorbonne (France),Director,Geography )

OIKAWA, Hiroki

( Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University,Associate professor,Environmental Law )

OHTANI, Ryu

( The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Research fellow,Science and Technology Studies )

OKANO, Takahiro

( Kagoshima University Education Center,Special-appointed Associate Professor,Nature Conservation Policy )

KAJI, Koichi

( The Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology,Professor,Wildlife Management )

TANAKA, Toshinori

( Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo,Special-appointed Assistant Professor,Nature Conservation Policy )

TOBAI, Sadayoshi

( WWF Japan Nature Conservation Office,Office chief,Nature Conservation Theory )

TOI, Akiko

( Faculty of Environmental Systems, Rakuno Gakuen University,Professor,Environmental Law )

MAKINO, Atsushi

( Department of Integrated Human Studies, Faculty of letters, Kumamoto University,Professor,Residential Research )

BOUAMRANE, Meriem

( UNESCO、Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences (France),Programme Specialist,Resource Management )

DEDEURWAERDERE, Tom

( Universit? Catholique de Louvain (Belgium),Professor,Political Science )

LAUSCHE, Barbara

( Mote Marine Laboratory (USA),Director, Marine Policy Institute,Marine Policy )

NILES, Daniel

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,Assistant Professor,Knowledge Theory )

REED, Maureen G

( University of Saskatchewan (Canada),Professor,Environmental Governance )

AKAMINE, Jun

( School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagoya City University,Associate professor,Resource Management )

ONO, Rintaro

( School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University,Lecturer,Fisheries Resource Management )

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SUGA, Yutaka

( Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, The Univrsity of Tokyo,Professor,Ethnology )

TAKEKAWA, Daisuke

( Faculty of Humanities, The University of Kitakyushu,Professor,Ecological Anthropology )

NAKAMURA, Koji

( Kanazawa University Center for Regional Collaboration,Special-appointed Professor,Satoyama Management )

FURUTA, Naoya

( IUCN Jpana Project Office,Senior Project Officer,Nature Conservation Theory )

MAKINO, Mitsutaku

( National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency,Group Leader,Resource Management )

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YANAGI, Tetsuo

( Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University,Special-appointed Professor,Satoumi Studies )

CLAUS, Annie

( Yale University (USA),Ddoctoral course,Environmental NGO Analysis )

AKIYAMA, Eizo

( Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, Tsukuba University,Professor,Statistical Physics )

OURA, Takeshi

( Research Institute for Humanity and Nature,RA,Statistical Physics )

KANEKO, Kunihiko

( Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo,Professor,Complex System Science )

SATAKE, Akiko

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Environmental Sciences,Associate professor,Theoretical Biology )

FUJIMOTO, Koichi

( Graduate School of Science, Osaka University,Associate professor,Mathematical Biology )

MARUYAMA, Yasushi

( Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University,Associate professor,Environmental Sociology )

MULLER, Erinn

( Mote Marine Laboratory (USA),Research fellow,Coastal Management )

KANZAKI, Nobutsugu

( Faculty of Education, Shiga University,Associate professor,Environmental Ethics, TF leader )

KIHIRA, Tomoki

( General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Science,Associate professor,Environmental Ethics )

KURATA, Nobuo

( Hokkaido University Graduate Scholl of Letters,Professor,Environmental Ethics )

TERAMOTO, Tsuyoshi

( Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University,Assistant Professor,Environmental Ethics )

YOSHINAGA, Akihiro

( College of Sociology, Edogawa University,Lecturer,Environmental Ethics )

OHNUMA, Susumu

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters,Associate professor,Environmental Governance )

OGATA, Seiichi

( Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University,Research fellow,Environmental Governance )

KAIDA, Naomi

( Graduate School of Humanities and Sociology, The University of Tokyo,Ddoctoral course,Environmental Governance )

KADO, Kazunori

( Hokkaido University of Education Asahikawa Campus,Associate professor,Environmental Governance )

KITOH, Shuichi

( Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo,Professor,Environmental Governance )

KINJYOU, Tatsuya

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters,Ddoctoral course,Environmental Governance )

KURODA, Satoru

( Department of Contemporary Culture and Society, Rikkyo University,Assistant Professor,Environmental Governance )

SUGIMOTO, Ayumi

( Akita International University,Lecturer,Environmental Governance )

SUZUKI, Katsuya

( Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo,Lecturer,Environmental Governance )

SEKI, Reiko

( Department of Contemporary Culture and Society, Rikkyo University,Professor,Environmental Governance )

TAKASAKI, Yuko

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters,Ddoctoral course,Environmental Governance )

TAKEUCHI, Kengo

( Aomori City Namioka Primary School,Teacher,Environmental Governance )

TASHIRO, Yushu

( Tokushima Prefecture Sanago Biodiversity Experience Center,Director,Environmental Governance )

TATSUZAWA, Shirow

( Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters,Assistant Professor,Environmental Governance )

TOMITA, Ryoto

( Faculty of Agriculture,Shizuoka Universty,Assistant Professor,Environmental Governance )

NISHIKIDO, Makoto

( Faculty of Humanity and Environment, Hosei University,Associate professor,Environmental Governance )

NINOMIYA, Sakiko

( Kanto Gakuin University College of human and Environmental Studies,Lecturer,Environmental Governance )

HIRAKAWA, Zenki

( Hokkaido University of Research Faculty of Agriculture,Research Fellow,Environmental Governance )

HIRANO, Yu-ichiro

( Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute,Research Fellow,Environmental Governance )

MIKAMI, Naoyuki

( Hokkaido University of Institute for the Advancement of Higher Education,Associate professor,Environmental Governance )

MEGURO, Norio

( Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo,Research Fellow,Environmental Governance )

YASUDA, Akito

( Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo,Research Fellow,Environmental Governance )

YAMAMOTO, Shinji

( Field Science Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University,Associate professor,Environmental Governance )

KARIN, Ree

( Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo,Ddoctoral course,Environmental Governance )